Diabetes mellitus: Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can occur in children and adolescents. Pediatric endocrinologists work with patients and their families to manage blood sugar levels through insulin therapy, diet, exercise, and education.

Growth disorders: Conditions such as short stature, tall stature, growth hormone deficiency, and delayed or precocious puberty fall under the purview of pediatric endocrinology. Treatment may involve hormone replacement therapy or other interventions to promote normal growth and development.

Thyroid disorders: Pediatric endocrinologists diagnose and manage thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer in children.

Adrenal disorders: Conditions affecting the adrenal glands, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal insufficiency, and Cushing’s syndrome, may require treatment by a pediatric endocrinologist.

Disorders of sexual development: Pediatric endocrinologists play a key role in the evaluation and management of intersex conditions and other disorders of sexual differentiation.

Bone and mineral disorders: Conditions like osteoporosis, rickets, and calcium or vitamin D deficiencies are addressed by pediatric endocrinologists, who work to optimize bone health and prevent complications.

Reproductive endocrinology: Disorders related to puberty, menstrual irregularities, and fertility in adolescents are managed by pediatric endocrinologists.